Educational Technology
The meaning of the word technology in this phrase is the proper general meaning, the use of techniques to achieve objectives, rather than the popular misconceived meaning, high-technology equipment, such as computers. The implementation of audio/video and information technology equipment in teaching programmes, is an aspect of Educational Technology known as Technology Integration.
History
One of the earliest disciplines of Educational Technology was Instructional Systems Design (ISD). This was used by the United States military at the time of World War Two, in order to train large numbers of people more effectively. In a common ISD model, the ADDIE Model, the steps involved are, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Theories and practices
The Encyclopedia of Educational Technology places the theories and practices of Educational Technology into six categories, Cognition and Learning, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Cognition and learning
Cognition and learning is about the mechanisms by which people process information.
Examples of cognition and learning topics are:
Active learning
Andragogy
Bloom's taxonomy
Cooperative learning
E-learning
Habituation
Sleep-learning
Metacognition
Overlearning
Operant conditioning
Situated learning
Observational learning
Zone of proximal development
Analysis
Analysis is the use of processes for gathering basic information needed for the design of a training programme. The results of analysis answer some basic questions; Who?, What?, When? and Where?
Examples of analysis topics are:
Human Performance Technology
Design
Design is the use of information gained from analysis to create an outline training programme.
Examples of design topics are:
Instructional Systems Design
ADDIE Model
Mind map
Distance education
SCORM
Blended learning
Mnemonic
Project Based Learning
Information mapping
Development
Development is the building of an outline training programme into a usable training programme.
Examples of development topics are:
Assistive technology
Implementation
Implementation is the actual use of a completed training programme. Success relies heavily on the effectiveness of the trainer.
Examples of implementation topics are:
Concept map
Technology Integration
Evaluation
Evaluation is the assessment of the effectiveness of all aspects of training programme development. The results are used to improve the programme.
Examples of evaluation topics are:
Computer-adaptive test
Rubrics (education)
Usability testing
Societies and journals
Learned societies concerned with Educational Technology include:
Journals on the subject of Educational Technology include:
References
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